HISTORIC LINGUISTICS (ADVANCED)

The course is part of the core educational activities of the master’s degree programs in Ancient Civilisations: Literature, History and Archaeology (Ancient Philology, Literatures and History) and in Italian Philology and Literature (Medieval and Renaissance period). It aims to provide the knowledge required for reflecting and operating on language and languages as historical phenomena revealed by texts, with particular attention to the topics of variation, change, and reconstruction.

Students are expected to acquire the awareness of variation across time, space, society, and according communicative settings as a constitutive dimension of language, to be able to recognise and describe phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical changes as well as to analyse them in light of the current theoretical frameworks, to achieve a knowledge of the principles and methods of etymology and linguistic reconstruction as well as of the relationship between linguistic reconstruction and cultural reconstruction, to be able to frame theoretical and methodological issues and problems relevant to Historical Linguistics. Students are also expected to learn to use appropriate terminology.

The course requires basic knowledge of general linguistics obtained through the Principle of Linguistics course or other basic linguistics courses. The course also requires a good knowledge of the Italian language for foreign students.

The first part of the course will cover open theoretical and methodological issues concerning the genesis and theoretical grounds of Historical Linguistics, linguistic variation, historical and typological results of linguistic comparison, linguistic reconstruction, cultural reconstruction based on language data, and linguistic change according to different perspectives on the nature and functioning of language and languages. The second part of the course will focus on the principles and methods of etymology, also through the discussion of etymological proposals concerning lexical forms pertaining to ancient and modern languages.

Compulsory bibliography
M. Mancini (ed.), Il cambiamento linguistico, Roma, 2003.
M. Prandi, P. Cuzzolin, N. Grandi, M. Napoli, Orizzonti della linguistica. Grammatica, tipologia, mutamento, Roma, 2021 (Parte quarta. La linguistica storica: dal semplice al complesso, e ritorno).

Further readings
(I) Open theoretical and methodological issues
A. L. Prosdocimi, Diacronia: ricostruzione. Genera proxima e differentia specifica, in «Lingua e stile» 13/III, 1978, pp. 335-371.
A. L. Prosdocimi, I fondamenti teorici della linguistica storica ovvero alla ricerca dell’odorosa pantera ovvero à la recherche…, in A. L. Prosdocimi, Scritti inediti e sparsi, Padova, 2004, II, pp. 583-627.
A. L. Prosdocimi, Comparazione, tipologia e ricostruzione, in A. L. Prosdocimi, Scritti inediti e sparsi, Padova, 2004, II, pp. 657-855.
A. L. Prosdocimi, Dialetto/dialetti, koinè/koinai. Ambito del significare e orizzonti del comunicare, in G. Marcato (ed.), Le mille vite del dialetto, Padova, 2014, pp. 441-472.
M. P. Marchese, A. L. Prosdocimi, Post hoc ergo propter hoc? Coseriu e Saussure, in V. Orioles, R. Bombi (eds.), Oltre Saussure. L’eredità scientifica di Eugenio Coseriu, 2015, pp. 233-247.

(II) Etymology
A. Zamboni, L’etimologia, Bologna, 1976, pp. 39-100, 113-180 (chapters 3, 5, 6).
A. L. Prosdocimi, Da appunti manoscritti su Trasanni e Cesane come microsistema toponimico, in Trasanni porta di Urbino, Urbino, 1999, pp. 341-359.
W. Belardi, Di alcuni fondamenti teorici dell’etimologia, in M. Benedetti (ed.), Fare etimologia. Presente, passato e futuro nella ricerca etimologica, Roma, 2001, pp. 7-56.
P. Di Giovine, Etimologia indoeuropea ed etimologia romanza, in M. Benedetti (ed.), Fare etimologia. Presente, passato e futuro nella ricerca etimologica, Roma, 2001, pp. 285-291.
A. L. Prosdocimi, Unità e varietà di un’etimologia e del fare-etimologia, in M. Benedetti (ed.), Fare etimologia. Presente, passato e futuro nella ricerca etimologica, Roma, 2001, pp. 293-410.
A. Zamboni, Etimologia e linguistica generale, in M. Benedetti (ed.), Fare etimologia. Presente, passato e futuro nella ricerca etimologica, Roma, 2001, pp. 233- 248.
W. Belardi, L’etimologia nella storia della cultura occidentale, Roma, 2002, I, pp. 5-112, II, pp. 109-146, 451-462 (chapters I, XI, XXII).
D. Poli, Dall’ovvietà alla congetturalità: le strategie etimologiche come percorsi cognitivi del latino, in A. Manco, D. Silvestri (eds.), L’etimologia, Roma, 2011, pp. 197-218.
D. Baglioni, L’etimologia, Roma, 2016.

Further readings, which will be commented on during the classes, are optional for attending students. Non-attending students are required to read (1.) I fondamenti teorici della linguistica storica ovvero alla ricerca dell’odorosa pantera ovvero à la recherche…, (2.) Comparazione, tipologia e ricostruzione (only pp. 659-714, 730-749), and (3.) Dialetto/dialetti, koinè/koinai. Ambito del significare e orizzonti del comunicare from the list (I), as well as (4.) Da appunti manoscritti su Trasanni e Cesane come microsistema toponimico and (5.) D. Baglioni, L’etimologia from the list (II).

Learning will be assessed through an interview on the topics of the course and the compulsory texts for attending students, on the topics of the compulsory texts and selected further readings for non-attending students. In particular, mastery of the topics, ability in presentation, and terminological adequacy will be taken into account for evaluation.

Classroom-taught classes and in-depth analysis of specific topics carried out also through seminars.

Italian

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