ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND MEASUREMENTS

This course is one of the compulsory educational activities of the Degree Course in Physical Engineering. It provides the knowledge to understand and analyze the static and dynamic behaviour of RLC circuits , the physics and the operation of the main solid-state electronic devices (mainly diodes and MOSFETs) and their use for the realization of analog and digital electronic circuits and components (amplifiers, logic gates, memories, etc.). The first part of the course deals with the understanding and analysis of linear circuits (linear circuits, frequency analysis, Bode diagram) and with the concepts of semiconductor physics of diodes and transistors and their modeling. The class lectures are complemented by laboratory activities during which the students will be able to simulate and experimentally measure the main parameters of elementary circuits using the appropriate instrumentation.

1. Knowledge and Understanding
- Understand methods for solving electrical circuits in time and frequency domains, including the use of network theorems.
- Know the fundamental principles of semiconductor physics and the operation of the pn junction and MOSFET.

2. Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding
- Use circuit laws and theorems effectively.
- Apply physical laws and band diagrams to design PN and MOSFET devices.

3. Judgment Autonomy
- Evaluate the logical consistency of results in both theoretical contexts and with experimental data.
- Identify possible errors through a critical analysis of the applied method.

4. Communication Skills
- Communicate acquired knowledge clearly using appropriate terminology, both orally and in writing.
- Interact respectfully and constructively with instructors and peers, especially during group work.

5. Learning Skills
- Take effective notes, selecting and organizing information based on importance and priority.
- Demonstrate sufficient independence in gathering data and information relevant to the investigated issue.

Advanced knowledge of mathematics (Analysis 1 and Analysis 2), and the course of Fundamentals of Telecommunications and Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering.

Reti circuitali
1. Intro and resistive circuits
2. resistive circuitsi 2
3. Theorems (Thevenin, Northon)
4. Dynamic Bipoles
5. Sinusoidal regime and phasors
6. Power in sinusoidal regime
7. Laplace 1
8. Laplace 2
9. LTI systems and transfer function
10. Examples of LTI systems
11. Bode 1
12. Bode 2
13. passive filters
14. examples of non-electrical circuits
Semiconductors devices
15. recap of main concepts of electromagnetism and quantum physics
16. structures and properties of semiconductors 1
17. structures and properties of semiconductors 2
18. semiconductors at thermal equilibrium
19. transport in semiconductors 1
20. transport in semiconductors 2
21. pn junction at equilibrium 1
22. pn junction at equilibrium 1
23. pn junction out of equilibrium 1
24. pn junction out of equilibrium 2
25. pn junction dynamic behaviour
26. structure MOS 1
27. structure MOS 2
28. Transistor MOSFET
29. Transistor MOSFET
30. Transistor MOSFET

- Alexander, Charles K., et al. Circuiti elettrici. McGraw-Hill, 2014
- S. M. Sze, Dispositivi a semiconduttore, Hoepli, 1991
- G. Ghione Dispositivi per la Microelettronica McGraw-Hill 1998

The exam consists of 4-5 exercises. the exam is divided into two parts: partA covering circuits and partB covering semiconductors. The final grade will be the average of the two scores. The exam is considered passed if both parts are passed (partA & partB >18).

The exam will be written and will consist of exercises similar to those done in class. There may be group projects during the course that will contribute to the final grade (maximum 2-3 points). During the exam, the use of notes, books, and other study materials is not allowed. A formula sheet, if necessary, will be provided during the exam. The oral exam is optional and upon the student's request.

written and oral

The lecturer has a duty to ensure that the rules regarding the authenticity and originality of exam tests and papers are respected. Therefore, if there is suspicion of irregular conduct, an additional assessment may be conducted, which could differ from the original exam description.

Excellent (30–30 cum laude) – Outstanding knowledge of the course content; the student demonstrates a high level of analytical and synthetic skills and is capable of applying knowledge to solve highly complex problems.
Very Good (27–29) – Strong knowledge of the course content and excellent command of language; the student demonstrates analytical and synthetic skills and is able to apply knowledge to solve problems of moderate complexity and, in some cases, even highly complex ones.
Good (24–26) – Solid knowledge of the course content and good command of language; the student is capable of applying knowledge to solve moderately complex problems.
Fair (21–23) – Adequate knowledge of the course content, sometimes limited to the main topics; acceptable ability to use discipline-specific terminology and to apply acquired knowledge independently.
Sufficient (18–20) – Minimal knowledge of the course content, often restricted to the main topics; modest ability to use discipline-specific terminology and to apply acquired knowledge independently.
Insufficient – The student does not demonstrate an acceptable understanding of the main course content and has very limited or no ability to use discipline-specific terminology or apply acquired knowledge independently.

Lectures and exercises. Laboratory with computer simulator and small experiments in the lab

the course is in italian