LANGUAGES AND CULTURE OF AFRICA

The course is addressed to the students of the following master's degree courses:
1) CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOLINGUISTICS (ACEL): up to the academic year 2021-22 is mandatory for the Geographic and Demo-Ethno-Anthropological curricula and optional for the Historical and Orientalistic curricula; from the academic year 2022-23 is optional for all courses;
2) EUROPEAN, AMERICAN AND POSTCOLONIAL LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES: optional for the curricula "estudios ibéricos and iberoamericanos" and "literatures and cultures".
3) TRANSMEDITERRANEAN STUDIES: MIGRATION, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT: optional for the common path.
It is also optional for the MASTER EUROPÉEN EN ÉTUDES FRANÇAISES ET FRANCOPHONES.
The course aims to introduce students to the africanistic Anthropology through the analysis of the post-colonial debates on the role of the discipline and its studies on the African continent. In parallel, the course introduces some classical themes of africanistic Anthropology to examine their developments over time. Although North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa are regions often considered as belonging to different disciplinary areas, as far as possible, the course will attempt to maintain a unified look, both in the theoretical reflections and the proposed readings.

The course aims at promoting the following skills: reading of scientific texts, synthesis of complex concepts and themes, critique, writing and oral expression.
At the end of the course, students will be acquainted with the international critical debates on the role of Cultural Anthropology in study of social and cultural realities in Africa with its main themes and theoretical perspectives, and will be able position themselves and contribute to the discussion. Students will master some of the main themes of Africanistic investigation and the most recent anthropological reflections on contemporary processes in the continent. They will acquire the skills of using different materials to explore relevant themes, write and express themselves orally using the language and the main concepts of the discipline. Students will also acquire the conceptual tools and the basic skills that enable them to explore specific issues concerning contemporary social and cultural dynamics in Africa both through research and applied research conducted in areas of interest.

No specific prerequisites are required. The course is based on various types of materials, although certainly the anthropological contributions of a historical or contemporary nature are significant. The teacher will ensure that students are able to follow the themes and problems that are the subject of analysis and debate, even in cases where there is no specific previous anthropological preparation. It is always possible to consult the teacher during lessons, at the end of the lesson or during office hours for explanations and additional materials or of specific interest.

Africa is a vast and ecologically diverse continent characterized by different and plural societies from a linguistic, economic, historical and social point of view. It is also a continent that is demographically young and open to contemporaneity, and despite its long history of expropriation ­– through slavery, colonization, resource-grabbing, patronage and corruption – it continues to influence the ability of states to claim and negotiate a position of equality with the rest of the world. Cultural Anthropology has built a significant part of its research tradition in Africa, sometimes producing models in keeping with primitivist colonial visions, but also often raising a critical voice with respect to the past and present processes of domination. In these problematic circumstances, the discipline’s main mission has progressively dedicated its attention at describing and revealing the variety of human experience lifeworlds of people and groups that were often depicted as inferior and backward according to the colonial reason. After a brief general introduction to the languages of the continent, the course aims at analysing the debate on the role of Cultural Anthropology in Africa and deepening some relevant issues addressed by anthropologists who have worked in Africa within classical as well as more recent theoretical approaches, namely: a) social and political organization; b) witchcraft; c) rituals and religion; d) social change and globalization; e) gender and generations; f) human mobility. Such topics correspond to themes of general anthropological relevance, but they also lead to understand the challenges of the present and the multiplicity of the possible research fields.

MAIN READINGS
1) Falk Moore, Sally, Anthropology and Africa: Changing perspectives on a changing scene. University of Virginia, 1994.
2) Articles, book chapters and other texts made available in Moodle
3) A monograph to be selected among the following works:

a) Social and political organization:
Evans-Pritchard Edward E., The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People, Oxford University Press, 1969.
Hart David, Tribe and Society in Rural Morocco, Routledge, 2000.

b) Witchcraft:
Evans-Pritchard Edward E., Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic Among the Azande, Oxford University Press, 1976.
Geschiere Peter, Sorcellerie et politique en Afrique. La viande des autres, Karthala, 1995 (also available in English: The Modernity of Whitchcraft. Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial
Africa, University of Virginia Press, 1997).

c) Rituals and religion:
Turner Victor, The Forest of Symbols: Aspects Of Ndembu Ritual, Cornell University Press, 1970.
Schirripa Pino, Profeti in città. Etnografia di quattro chiese indipendenti del Ghana, Progetto 2000, 1992.

d) Social change and globalization:
Piot Charles, Nostalgia for the future. West Africa after the Cold War. University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Vacchiano Francesco, Antropologia della dignità. Aspirazioni, moralità e ricerca del benessere nel Marocco contemporaneo, Ombre Corte, 2021.

e) Gender and generations:
Shostak Marjorie, Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman, Harvard University Press, 1981.
Ghannam Farha, Live and Die Like a Man: Gender Dynamics in Urban Egypt, Stanford University Press, 2013.
Weiss Brad, Street Dreams and Hip Hop Barbershops: Global Fantasy in Urban Tanzania, Indiana University Press, 2009.
Honwana Alcinda, Youth and Revolution in Tunisia, Zed Books, 2013.

g) Human mobilities:
Gaibazzi Paolo, Bush Bound. Young Men and Rural Permanence in Migrant West Africa, Berghahn, 2015.
McMurray David A., In & Out of Morocco. Smuggling and Migration in a Frontier Boomtown, University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
Capello Carlo, Le prigioni invisibili. Etnografia multisituata della migrazione marocchina, Angeli, 2012.

Students are required to contact the teacher to define a personalized program.

Attendance is not mandatory, but attending students are required to follow the classes with consistency and participation, intervening in class and animating the debate on the topics covered in the course. At the beginning of each class, attending students will present, in a group if needed, an article/chapter made available in moodle by the instructor that introduces the theme of the class, soliciting questions and generating a debate with colleagues. The lesson will continue by exploring the questions raised by the presentation and the debate and by deepening the themes presented.
The assessment method is written and oral and requires the in-depth study of the course contents. Students will produce a short written essay, identifying three articles or book chapters concerning a theme of interest and summarizing them. The second part of the exam will consist of an oral interview on the course contents. Each student must contact the teacher to define a personalized exam program.
The final grade will take into account the appropriateness of contents and language used in the presentation, class participation, and the quality of the presentations.

written and oral

A score lower than 18 is considered insufficient and the student will need to repeat the exam.

A. Scores in the 18-22 range will be awarded for:
- Limited knowledge of the subject matter.
- Difficulty in collecting and/or interpreting data, and forming independent judgments.
- Limited communication skills, especially concerning the use of discipline-specific language.

B. Scores in the 23-26 range will be awarded for:
- Fair knowledge and applied understanding of the subject matter.
- Fair ability to collect and/or interpret data, and form independent judgments.
- Fair communication skills, especially concerning the use of discipline-specific language.

C. Scores in the 27-29 range will be awarded for:
- Good or very good knowledge and applied understanding of the subject matter.
- Good or very good ability to collect and/or interpret data, and form independent judgments.
- Appropriate communication skills, especially concerning the use of discipline-specific language.

D. A score of 30 will be awarded for:
- Excellent knowledge and applied understanding of the subject matter.
- Excellent ability to collect and/or interpret data, and form independent judgments.
- Fully appropriate communication skills, especially concerning the use of discipline-specific language.

E. "Cum laude" (with honors) will be awarded for:
- Excellent knowledge and understanding of the subject matter.
- Strong judgment and communication skills.
- Demonstrated commitment throughout the course.
- Ability to integrate course content in a personal and original way.

The course is taught through lectures, audio-visual materials, class discussion and group presentation of selected articles.

The instructor receives students in his study, upon appointment to be previously agreed by email.

This subject deals with topics related to the macro-area "Cities, infrastructure and social capital" and contributes to the achievement of one or more goals of U. N. Agenda for Sustainable Development