PRIVATE LAW - 1

Private Law is a mandatory course of the Bachelor in Business Administration.
The course will provide to students the basic principles and institutions of private law, in order to understand their functions of socio-economic tools, both in personal and in property relations.
To reach this scope, it is necessary to acquire an adequate technical and juridical language and the ability to analyse human facts and relations, both personal or economic, from a juridical point of view.

1. Knowledge and understandings
1.1 Understand the multilevel legal system which governs the today private relationships.
1.2 Knowledge of the private legal institutions object of the program of the course.
1.3 Understand the role of the studied legal institutions and how they govern private relationships and conflicts.

2. Ability to apply knowledge and understandings
2.1 Ability to set human relationship with juridical relevance, both personal and economic, in the legal frame.
2.2 Ability to find the legal provisions applicable to a certain situation.
2.3 Ability to determine which legal provision finds application to solve conflicts or regulate a certain human relationship (both economic and personal).

3. Judgment
3.1 Being able to interpret legal provisions.
3.2 Being able to identify, distinguish, relate different principles and legal provisions belonging to different sources of the multilevel system.
3.3 Facing a hypothetical conflict o private relationship, finding the provisions or the institutions to solve or manage the situation.

None prerequisite is required

• Modern legal systems. Sources. The structure of legal norms. Interpretation of the law.
• Subjective legal situations. Legal subjects. Natural and legal persons.
• Legal assets. Property rights, private property, and possession.
• Obligations in general. Performance, non-performance, and contractual liability.
• Private autonomy and the circulation of property. General contract law (formation, validity and invalidity, effectiveness and ineffectiveness; performance, termination). Individual contracts. Consumer relations.
• Civil liability and tort.
• Other sources of obligations.
Family relations
• Succession. Donations.
• Protection of rights.

Students are advised to study the following textbook (alternatively):
- G. Iudica, P. Zatti, Linguaggio e regole del diritto privato (Language and Rules of Private Law), Cedam, latest edition, excluding the following sections: Chapter 13, paragraphs 2 and 3; chapter 17, paragraph 15; chapter 24, paragraphs 3-4-7; chapter 25, paragraphs 2-3-4-5; chapter 26, paragraphs 1-2-4-5-6-7-8-9; Chapter 27; Chapter 29; Chapter 31; Chapter 32; Chapters 34 to 37; Chapters 39 to 42; Chapter 44, paragraphs 5-11-12-13-14-17; Chapter 47; Chapter 48.
- P. Zatti, V. Colussi, A. Fusaro, Lineamenti di diritto privato (Outlines of Private Law), 20th edition, Wolter Kluver-Cedam, Milan, 2025, excluding the following parts: Chapter 11, paragraphs 2 and 3; chap. 14; chap. 18, par. 3; chap. 25, par. 2-3-6; chap. 26, par. 2-3-4-5; chap. 27, par. 1-2-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11; Chapter 28; Chapter 29; Chapter 30; Chapter 32; Chapter 34; Chapter 35; Chapter 36, paragraphs 4-5-12-13-14-15-16; Chapter 40.

The study of the manual must necessarily be accompanied by the simultaneous reading of an updated Civil Code, also in ebook format.

At the end of the third term, students may take an exam covering the following parts of the program:
- Iudica-Zatti, Language and Rules of Private Law, from chapter 1 to chapter 15 inclusive (excluding chapter 13, paragraphs 2 and 3) and chapter 38.
- Zatti- Colussi - Fusaro, Lineamenti di diritto privato, from chapter 1 to chapter 13 (excluding paragraphs 2 e 3 chapter 11) and chapter 36, 38 e 39.

This midterm exam will be held in written and oral form.
The written exam consists of 15 multiple-choice questions covering the part of the program covered by the exam; each correct answer is awarded 2 points. A missing answer is equivalent to an incorrect answer. The written exam is passed if at least 9 out of 15 answers are correct.
Passing the written exam is a prerequisite for admission to the oral exam. The written exam serves to certify a basic knowledge of legal institutions.
The oral exam assesses knowledge and understanding of the fundamental institutions of private law; the student's ability to explain the following using appropriate technical and legal language will also be assessed.
Students who have passed the intermediate test may decide to complete the exam, covering the remaining part of the program, in the first or second exam session of the summer session only. This second exam will also be held in written and oral form, in the same manner as the previous one.
Students who do not pass the intermediate test must take the exam in subsequent exam sessions, in written and oral form, covering the entire program, as per the ordinary procedure.

The standard written exam consists of 15 multiple-choice questions covering the entire program; each correct answer is worth 2 points. A missing answer is equivalent to an incorrect answer. The written exam is passed if at least 9 out of 15 answers are correct.
Passing the written exam is a prerequisite for admission to the oral exam. The written exam serves to certify a basic knowledge of legal institutions.
The oral exam assesses the student's knowledge and understanding of the fundamental institutions of private law; the student's ability to explain the following using appropriate technical and legal language will also be assessed.

written and oral

Regarding grade graduation (mode by which grades will be assigned), regardless of the attending or non-attending mode: A. scores in the 18-22 range will be awarded in the presence of: - sufficient knowledge and applied comprehension skills with reference to the syllabus; - limited ability to collect and/or interpret data, making independent judgments; - sufficient communication skills, especially in relation to the use of specific language pertaining to the discipline of banking; B. scores in the range 23-26 will be awarded in the presence of: - fair knowledge and applied comprehension skills with reference to the syllabus; - fair ability to collect and/or interpret data, making independent judgments; - fair communication skills, especially in relation to the use of specific language pertaining to the discipline of banking activity; C. scores in the 27-30 range will be awarded in the presence of: - good or excellent knowledge and applied comprehension skills with reference to the program; - good or excellent ability to collect and/or interpret data, making independent judgments; - fully appropriate communication skills, especially in relation to the use of specific language pertaining to the discipline of banking activity; D. honors will be awarded in the presence of knowledge and applied comprehension skills with reference to the program, judgment skills and communication skills, excellent.

The Course is mainly structured in several frontal lessons. In addition, some extra-lessons will be structured in a seminar form focusing on topics of particular interest and complexity.