APPLICATIONS OF NANO AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

The teaching activities meet the criteria characterizing the degree in Science and Technology of bio and nanomaterials in particular to the problems related to the application of nano- and bio-technologies in humans.
The educational objective of the course is to provide knowledge related to:
1) Application of biotechnology in medicine;
2) Application of nanomaterials in cancer therapy;
3) Laboratory techniques in the field of biotechnology and nanomaterials.

This knowledge is then used to prepare students to develop scientific criteria essential for job application with particular reference to academia and bio-pharmaceutical companies.

1. Knowledge and understanding
● Knowledge of the basic terminology of bio and nanotechnologies and understand the specialized texts in the reference sector.
● Knowledge of basic techniques of biotechnology
● Knowledge of the interaction of nanoparticles with humans.
● To develop innovative methods to overcome the current barriers in the transport of nanodrugs.
2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
1. Knowledge and understanding
● (Knowledge of the basic terminology of bio and nanotechnologies and understand the specialized texts in the reference sector.) Knowledge of how to correctly use the terminology in all the application and communication processes of the acquired knowledge.
● (Knowledge of the basic techniques of biotechnology.) Knowing how to choose the most appropriate technology according to the objective of the study.
● (Knowledge of the interaction of nanoparticles with humans.) To predict the effects of nanoparticles in humans by evaluating their chemical-physical properties.
● (To develop innovative methods to overcome current barriers in the transport of nanodrugs.) Implement new strategies to make effective nanodrugs in terms of treatment effect and lower toxicity.

3. Ability to judge
● Knowing how to formulate and argue simple hypotheses, also developing a critical approach to the evaluation of alternative hypotheses.
4. Communication skills
● Know how to communicate with appropriate terminology in the field of nano and biotechnology.
● Knowing how to deal with peers and with the tutor, critically and respectfully, in the classroom to deepen and develop a scientific culture in the field of reference.
5. Learning skills
● Know how to integrate the contents of the slides shared by the teacher with notes and reference texts.

Knowledge of molecular biology and synthesis of nanomaterials.

Introduction to nano and biotechnology.
The biotechnology applications of molecular cloning and DNA analysis.
The production of proteins from cloned genes.
Cloning and DNA analysis in Medicine.
Barriers in the transport of nanodrugs in oncology.
Misunderstanding and pitfalls in the application of nanodrugs.
Liposomes.
Laboratory experience:
Culture, expansion and freezing of eukaryotic cells.
Transfection of DNA vectors into eukaryotic cells. Analysis by the western blot technique of recombinant proteins.
Real Time PCR.
Preparation of a pharmaceutical liposomal formulation.
Acute toxicity test in human cells (EC50) of the liposomal formulation.

The following reference texts are available in the BAS library of the campus in via Torino.
Mandatory texts

● Lewin's Gene XII. Benjamin Lewin, Jocelyn E. Krebs, Elliot S. Goldstein, Stephen T. Kilpatrick. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2017

● Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction. Terry A. Brown. John Wiley & Sons Limited. 2016

The assessment of learning will be conducted through an oral examination, during which the candidate will be required to give a PowerPoint presentation on the laboratory activities performed. The following competencies will be evaluated:
Mastery of Theoretical Topics: Knowledge and understanding of fundamental concepts related to the application of biotechnologies and nanotechnologies.
Analytical and Practical Application Skills: The candidate’s ability to apply theoretical concepts to laboratory activities, demonstrating practical competencies.
Expository and Communication Skills: Clarity of presentation, logical organization of discourse, and the ability to respond effectively to questions.

oral

The lecturer has a duty to ensure that the rules regarding the authenticity and originality of exam tests and papers are respected. Therefore, if there is suspicion of irregular conduct, an additional assessment may be conducted, which could differ from the original exam description.

The final grade will be calculated based on the scores achieved in each of these three areas, following the criteria below:
18-23: Adequate basic knowledge, with some uncertainties in presentation. The student demonstrates a general understanding of the topics, highlighting gaps or difficulties in practical application.
24-26: Solid knowledge and the ability to apply concepts correctly. Clear presentation, with a good command of terminology and practical applications.
27-29: Excellent understanding and ability to connect and integrate theoretical and practical concepts. Presentation is fluent, precise, and well-structured.
30 and 30L: Comprehensive knowledge, impeccable presentation, and the ability to critically analyze and establish complex connections. Honors are awarded for exceptional performance, demonstrating skills well above average.
The use of books, notes, and electronic devices is not permitted during the oral examination.

Teaching is organized in:
- lectures where the contents of the course will be exposed through a slide show.
- reciprocal questions between the teacher and the students for the verification of learning and the application of the covered topics.
- experimental laboratory for the application of some case studies (It is mandatory to attend at least 80% of laboratory experiences).

This subject deals with topics related to the macro-area "Human capital, health, education" and contributes to the achievement of one or more goals of U. N. Agenda for Sustainable Development